Correction and Rejection Policy

The editorial board of the journal  acknowledges its responsibility for safeguarding the integrity, authenticity and completeness of scholarly records. Changes to articles already published on the journal’s website are made only under the circumstances set out below, and in strict accordance with the ethical standards of the global academic community.
CORRECTION
A correction is an official statement by the original authors briefly describing any corrections arising from unintentional errors or omissions in the text.
• The notice must specify the impact of these corrections on the overall conclusions of the study.
• The original article is not removed from the journal’s electronic archive, but is accompanied by an active link to the text of the corrections.
• All correction notices are made freely available to all readers.
RETRACTION
A retraction is an official statement that an article should no longer be considered part of the scientific literature due to the discovery of critical violations or unreliable conclusions.
• Grounds for retraction: Clear evidence of data fabrication, plagiarism, duplicate publication (self-plagiarism), submission without proper permissions, or breaches of research ethics.
• Procedure: To preserve the integrity of the scientific record, the article is not removed from the website but is clearly marked as ‘Retracted’. A retraction notice, including the rationale for the decision, is published in open access and contains a link to the original material.
• Responsibility: Retraction of articles may be initiated by the authors (if significant scientific errors are identified) or by the editors/publishers (if misconduct is identified). The notice will specify the party responsible for the decision and whether the retraction was carried out with the unanimous consent of all co-authors.
• Exceptional cases: The publisher reserves the right to remove an article entirely in rare cases involving serious breaches of the law or copyright. In such cases, bibliographic information will be retained to ensure the integrity of the record.
PUBLISHER’S NOTE
An Editor’s Note informs readers of technical or production errors made by the editorial team that affect the article’s metadata (e.g. title, list of authors, affiliation) or significantly hinder the reader’s understanding of the content.
• In such cases, the original version is replaced by a corrected version, and the date of correction is noted.
• Replacement of the file on the website is only possible within one year of the date of initial publication. After this period, any technical corrections are documented exclusively as a Publisher’s Note without replacing the main text.
COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
In its procedures for correcting and retracting articles, the editorial board follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics: COPE Guidelines on Article Retraction